Thunderstorm

Lightning kills more people than tornadoes or hurricanes each year

8 things to do before · 8 steps during · 8 after · 5 questions answered

Last updated . Written by Project Trinetra, a program of the 501(c)(3) nonprofit Unravel The Love. It is not an official government publication and does not replace instructions from your local emergency authorities.

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Before — Before the Storm

Thunderstorms can produce lightning, hail, flash floods, and tornadoes. Preparation is key.

#Do this
1Enable severe weather alerts on your phone
2Identify sturdy buildings for shelter near work, school, and home
3Get surge protectors for sensitive electronics
4Trim dead branches that could become projectiles in high winds
5Secure or bring in outdoor furniture, trash cans, and decorations
6Clean gutters and drains to prevent flash flooding
7Prepare emergency kit with flashlight, batteries, and water
8Have a family communication plan in case you are separated

During — During a Thunderstorm

Lightning is the biggest threat. Get indoors immediately when thunder is heard.

#Step
1Move indoors to a sturdy building — NOT a shed, carport, or open structure
2If no building available, get in a hard-topped vehicle with windows closed
3Stay away from windows, doors, porches, and concrete surfaces
4Do NOT use corded phones or plumbing (lightning travels through wires and pipes)
5Unplug sensitive electronics to prevent surge damage
6If caught outside: avoid hilltops, open fields, tall isolated trees, and bodies of water
7If caught outside with no shelter: crouch low with feet together, do NOT lie flat
8Wait 30 minutes after the last thunder before going outside

After — After the Storm Passes

Thunderstorm damage can include downed trees, power lines, and flash flooding.

#Step
1Stay away from downed power lines — assume all are energized
2Check your property for damage from wind, hail, or fallen trees
3Avoid flooded areas — just 6 inches of moving water can knock you down
4If someone is struck by lightning, call 911 immediately — they are safe to touch
5Begin CPR on lightning victims if they are not breathing
6Report downed trees and power lines to your utility company
7Document any property damage with photos for insurance
8Check on neighbors, especially elderly or disabled

Supplies specific to this hazard

  • Surge protectors for electronics
  • Battery-powered weather radio
  • Flashlights with extra batteries
  • Emergency water supply (1 gallon per person per day)
  • First aid kit

Questions people ask

What should I do if caught outside during lightning?

Lightning is the most immediate danger in a thunderstorm. If you're caught outside:

  • Get indoors immediately — a substantial building or hard-topped vehicle
  • Avoid: Tall trees, open fields, hilltops, water, metal fences, and poles
  • If no shelter is available, crouch low with feet together, hands on ears, head tucked — minimize ground contact
  • Do NOT lie flat — this increases your ground contact area
  • Stay away from isolated trees — they attract lightning

Wait at least 30 minutes after the last thunder before going back outside. Lightning can strike 10+ miles from the storm.

Full Thunderstorm guide — before, during and after →

How far away is a thunderstorm based on thunder delay?

You can estimate lightning distance using the flash-to-bang method:

  • Count the seconds between the lightning flash and the thunder
  • Divide by 5 = distance in miles (divide by 3 for km)
  • Example: 10 seconds = about 2 miles away

If the count is 30 seconds or less (6 miles), you are in danger. Seek shelter immediately.

This is the 30-30 rule: Take shelter when the flash-to-bang is 30 seconds or less, and stay sheltered for 30 minutes after the last thunder.

Full Thunderstorm guide — before, during and after →

Is it safe to shower or use plumbing during a thunderstorm?

No — avoid all plumbing during a thunderstorm. Lightning can travel through metal pipes and water.

Specifically, avoid:

  • Showers and baths
  • Washing dishes
  • Washing hands (use hand sanitizer instead)

Also avoid:

  • Corded phones (cell phones are fine)
  • Desktop computers plugged into the wall
  • Anything connected to an electrical outlet

The risk is low but real — lightning strikes to homes travel through wiring and plumbing.

Full Thunderstorm guide — before, during and after →

How do I protect my electronics from a lightning surge?

Power surges from lightning can destroy electronics even if lightning doesn't strike your home directly:

  • Unplug sensitive electronics (TV, computer, gaming systems) during storms — surge protectors help but can't stop a direct strike
  • Use a whole-house surge protector installed at your electrical panel (best investment, $200-500)
  • Use UPS (battery backup) for computers — provides surge protection and time to shut down safely
  • Unplug your internet modem and router — surges travel through cable/phone lines too

If you hear thunder, it's already time to unplug. Don't wait for the storm to be overhead.

Full Thunderstorm guide — before, during and after →

What is the 30-30 lightning safety rule?

The 30-30 rule is the simplest lightning safety guide:

First 30: When you see lightning, count seconds until you hear thunder. If it's 30 seconds or less, go inside immediately. The storm is within 6 miles — close enough for lightning to reach you.

Second 30: After the last thunder, wait 30 minutes before going back outside. Lightning can strike well after rain stops.

Remember: "When thunder roars, go indoors." There is no safe place outdoors during a thunderstorm. Substantial buildings and hard-topped vehicles are the only safe shelters.

Full Thunderstorm guide — before, during and after →

Quick facts

  • When thunder roars, go indoors. Lightning can strike 10+ miles from a storm.
  • Use the 30-30 rule: shelter when flash-to-bang is 30 seconds or less, wait 30 minutes after last thunder.
  • Never shower, wash dishes, or use plumbing during a thunderstorm — lightning travels through pipes.
  • Unplug sensitive electronics when you hear thunder — surge protectors can't stop a direct lightning strike.
  • If caught outside during lightning, crouch low with feet together — never lie flat on the ground.

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